Kaplan Robin L, Levine Linda J, Lench Heather C, Safer Martin A
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine.
Emotion. 2016 Apr;16(3):309-19. doi: 10.1037/emo0000127. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Memory for feelings is subject to fading and bias over time. In 2 studies, the authors examined whether the magnitude and direction of bias depend on the type of feeling being recalled: emotion or mood. A few days after the U.S. Presidential elections in 2008 and 2012, participants reported how they felt about the election outcome (emotion) and how they felt in general (mood). A month after the elections, participants recalled their feelings. The intensity of past emotion was recalled more accurately than the intensity of past mood. Participants underestimated the intensity of emotion but overestimated the intensity of mood. Participants' appraisals of the importance of the election, which diminished over time, contributed to underestimating the intensity of emotion. In contrast, participants' strong emotional response to the election contributed to overestimating the intensity of mood. These opposing biases have important implications for decision making and clinical assessment.
情感记忆会随着时间的推移而逐渐消退并产生偏差。在两项研究中，作者考察了偏差的程度和方向是否取决于所回忆情感的类型：情绪或心境。在2008年和2012年美国总统大选后的几天，参与者报告了他们对选举结果的感受（情绪）以及他们总体的感受（心境）。选举一个月后，参与者回忆他们的感受。过去情绪的强度比过去心境的强度被回忆得更准确。参与者低估了情绪的强度，但高估了心境的强度。参与者对选举重要性的评价随着时间的推移而减弱，这导致低估了情绪的强度。相反，参与者对选举的强烈情绪反应导致高估了心境的强度。这些相反的偏差对决策和临床评估具有重要意义。
