Dorsch W, Adam O, Weber J, Ziegeltrum T
Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Dec 15;107(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90086-4.
Previous studies showed the inhibitory effects of crude ethanolic onion extracts (COE) on allergic skin reactions in man as well as on allergen-induced bronchial asthma in man and guinea-pigs. Work is in progress in order to identify both the mode of action of COE and the active substance(s). The present study describes asthma-protective effects of isothiocyanates. Groups of at least 5 guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged twice (time 0 and 10 min) by the inhalation of ovalbumin 30 min after oral treatment with increasing doses of the agent tested or control solutions. Bronchial obstruction (BO) was measured by whole body plethysmography. Chloroform extracts of onions showed similar protective effects on BO as COE. The water-soluble fraction of COE was inactive. Benzyl-isothiocyanate (BITC) was identified as one component of onion lipids by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. BITC inhibited BO in a dose-dependent fashion: 150 mg/kg: 89%; 75 mg/kg: 76%; 30 mg/kg: 66%; 15 mg/kg: 49%. Ethyl-isothiocyanate and allyl-isothiocyanate showed similar effects; p-hydroxy-benzyl-isothiocyanate, a very unstable mustard oil, was ineffective. Additional experiments showed no antagonistic effects of COE on histamine- or acetylcholine-induced BO. The antiasthmatic effects of onions and - perhaps - other plants may be mediated at least in part by isothiocyanates.
先前的研究表明，洋葱乙醇粗提物（COE）对人体过敏性皮肤反应以及人体和豚鼠变应原诱导的支气管哮喘具有抑制作用。目前正在开展工作，以确定COE的作用方式和活性物质。本研究描述了异硫氰酸盐的哮喘保护作用。将至少5组对卵清蛋白致敏的豚鼠在口服递增剂量的受试药物或对照溶液30分钟后，通过吸入卵清蛋白进行两次激发（0分钟和10分钟时）。通过全身体积描记法测量支气管阻塞（BO）。洋葱的氯仿提取物对BO显示出与COE相似的保护作用。COE的水溶性部分无活性。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术鉴定出苄基异硫氰酸盐（BITC）是洋葱脂质的一种成分。BITC以剂量依赖方式抑制BO：150mg/kg：89%；75mg/kg：76%；30mg/kg：66%；15mg/kg：49%。乙基异硫氰酸盐和烯丙基异硫氰酸盐显示出类似的效果；对羟基苄基异硫氰酸盐，一种非常不稳定的芥子油，无效。额外的实验表明，COE对组胺或乙酰胆碱诱导的BO没有拮抗作用。洋葱以及或许其他植物的抗哮喘作用可能至少部分由异硫氰酸盐介导。
