[Side effects of aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity (author's transl)].

Animal experiments showed that all aminoglycosides cause similar toxic tubular and glomerular damage when investigated by qualitative morphology. Quantitative differences in the tubular nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, kanamycin, kanendomycin, amikacin, and butirosin can be demonstrated experimentally by evaluation of the excretion rates of tubular cells and urinary enzymes in rats. By this means dose-effect relationships were established resulting in varying reproduceable toxic threshold doses for each antibiotic, and thus in a scale of increasing nephrotoxicity. The aminoglycosides differed in their affinity to kidney tissue as measured by determination of the accumulating renal concentrations of the drugs at different times during multiple-dose administration. This had a modifying influence on excretion rates of cells and enzymes affecting the scale of toxicity in long-term studies. Comparative investigations on nephrotoxicity in rats and guinea pigs gave similar results. In addition, a study in man suggested that the test results of nephrotoxicity are not species-specific. For human therapy it is concluded that even more caution should be practised with the new aminoglycerides than with gentamicin in order to avoid renal damage.