Ellis R J, Gallagher T F, Jenkins G I, Lennox C R
J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1984 Nov;83 Suppl:163-78.
Chloroplast development in higher plants is light dependent, and is accompanied by the synthesis of chlorophyll and the accumulation of many chloroplast polypeptides. There is a 100-fold greater content of the photosynthetic enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, in light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum than in dark-grown seedlings. Following the illumination of dark-grown seedlings, there is a parallel increase in the content of both the mRNA and the polypeptide of the small subunit of the carboxylase; this subunit is a product of the nuclear genome. The increases in the mRNA and the polypeptide of the large subunit, which is a product of the chloroplast genome, show less synchronicity. Studies with isolated leaf nuclei show that the increase in small subunit mRNA is mediated primarily at the level of transcription. Three distinct effects of light on transcription of small subunit genes have been found; a rapid (approximately 1 h) burst, followed by a decline, when etiolated plants are first exposed to light; a slow (approximately 36 h) development of the competence to transcribe rapidly after the initial burst; rapid (approximately 20 min) switches in both directions when fully greened plants are exposed to light-dark transitions.
高等植物中的叶绿体发育依赖于光照，并伴随着叶绿素的合成以及许多叶绿体多肽的积累。在光照下生长的豌豆幼苗中，光合酶核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶加氧酶的含量比在黑暗中生长的幼苗高100倍。黑暗中生长的幼苗照光后，羧化酶小亚基的mRNA和多肽含量会同时增加；该亚基是核基因组的产物。叶绿体基因组产物大亚基的mRNA和多肽的增加则表现出较少的同步性。对分离的叶细胞核的研究表明，小亚基mRNA的增加主要在转录水平上介导。已发现光照对小亚基基因转录有三种不同的影响：黄化植物首次暴露于光照时，会迅速（约1小时）爆发，随后下降；在初始爆发后，缓慢（约36小时）发展出快速转录的能力；完全变绿的植物暴露于光暗转换时，会在两个方向上迅速（约20分钟）切换。
