Cherry D L, Zarit S H, Krauss I K
Exp Aging Res. 1984 Winter;10(4):231-6. doi: 10.1080/03610738408258471.
A review of the literature on adjustment to retirement reveals that many investigators have studied retirees together as a group, regardless of the amount of time they have been retired. The present study questions the validity of that approach. The post-retirement adaptation of a group of 59 relatively recent (3-6 years) and 122 longer-term (7 + years) retirees was compared via canonical correlation analyses. The results showed that the structure of post-retirement adaptation differed for the two groups. The relatively recent retirees' adaptational variate emphasized satisfaction with retirement (.990) and showed weaker loadings on self-esteem (.475) and happiness (.374). Corresponding factor loadings for the longer-term retirees were -.340, .827 and .494, respectively. Thus, retirement satisfaction (or job deprivation) was a more salient aspect of the recent retirees' adaptation while longer-term adaptation was a more general phenomenon. These results suggest that the inclusion of longer-term retirees in retirement research may obscure the important correlates of adaptation to this life change.
一项关于退休适应的文献综述表明，许多研究者将退休人员作为一个群体进行研究，而不考虑他们退休的时长。本研究对这种方法的有效性提出了质疑。通过典型相关分析比较了一组59名近期退休（3 - 6年）和122名长期退休（7年以上）人员的退休后适应情况。结果显示，两组人员退休后适应的结构有所不同。近期退休人员的适应变量强调对退休的满意度（.990），而在自尊（.475）和幸福感（.374）方面的负荷较弱。长期退休人员相应的因子负荷分别为-.340、.827和.494。因此，退休满意度（或工作缺失感）是近期退休人员适应过程中更突出的方面，而长期适应是一个更普遍的现象。这些结果表明，在退休研究中纳入长期退休人员可能会掩盖适应这种生活变化的重要相关因素。
