Ekerdt D J, Bossé R, Levkoff S
J Gerontol. 1985 Jan;40(1):95-101. doi: 10.1093/geronj/40.1.95.
Although gerontologists have shown considerable interest in describing possible phases of retirement, the temporal course of retirement experience remains largely unspecified. This study of 293 male retirees from the Normative Aging Study used cross-sectional data to compare levels of life satisfaction and lesiure activities across 6-month time intervals within the first 3 years after retirement. Regression models were used to test the hypothesis that men retired 0 to 6 months differed from men retired for longer periods. Findings showed that, compared with these recent retirees, men retired 13 to 18 months had lower levels of overall life satisfaction and self-perceived involvement in physical activities. Analyses of the constituents of life satisfaction showed greater optimism and future orientation among recent retirees and a comparative deficit at 13 to 18 months. These findings support an interpretation that the immediate postretirement period is marked by more enthusiasm and that some degree of temporary letdown or dysphoria is likely during the second year of retirement.
尽管老年学专家对描述退休可能经历的阶段表现出了浓厚兴趣，但退休体验的时间进程在很大程度上仍不明确。这项针对规范衰老研究中293名男性退休人员的研究，使用横断面数据比较了退休后头3年内每6个月时间间隔的生活满意度和休闲活动水平。回归模型用于检验退休0至6个月的男性与退休时间更长的男性存在差异这一假设。研究结果表明，与这些刚退休的人员相比，退休13至18个月的男性总体生活满意度和自我感知的体育活动参与度较低。对生活满意度构成要素的分析表明，刚退休人员更乐观且更着眼于未来，而在退休13至18个月时则相对不足。这些发现支持了这样一种解释，即退休后的 immediately 时期以更多热情为特征，而在退休第二年可能会出现某种程度的暂时情绪低落或烦躁不安。 （注：原文中“immediate postretirement period”翻译为“退休后的 immediately 时期”，这里“immediately”可能有误，结合语境推测可能是“immediate”，意为“刚退休后的时期” ）
