Pinquart Martin, Schindler Ines
Department of Developmental Psychology, Center for Applied Developmental Science, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 2007 Sep;22(3):442-55. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.442.
Contradictory positions have been advanced as to whether retirement has negative, positive, or no effects on subjective well-being. The authors investigated changes in life satisfaction in 1,456 German retirees. Using latent growth mixture modeling, the authors found 3 groups of people who experienced retirement differently. In Group 1, satisfaction declined at retirement but continued on a stable or increasing trajectory thereafter. Group 2 demonstrated a large increase in satisfaction at retirement but overall declining satisfaction. In Group 3, satisfaction showed a temporary very small increase at retirement. Groups differed by retirement age, gender, socioeconomic status, marital status, health, unemployment before retiring, and region. Thus, retirement is not a uniform transition, and resource-rich individuals are less likely to experience retirement-related change in satisfaction.
关于退休对主观幸福感是有负面影响、正面影响还是没有影响，人们提出了相互矛盾的观点。作者调查了1456名德国退休人员的生活满意度变化。通过潜在增长混合模型，作者发现有三组人对退休的体验不同。在第一组中，退休时满意度下降，但此后继续保持稳定或上升趋势。第二组在退休时满意度大幅上升，但总体满意度下降。在第三组中，退休时满意度有短暂的小幅上升。这三组在退休年龄、性别、社会经济地位、婚姻状况、健康状况、退休前的失业情况和地区等方面存在差异。因此，退休并非统一的转变过程，资源丰富的个体不太可能经历与退休相关的满意度变化。
