Odenheimer D J, Zunzunegui M V, King M C, Shipler C P, Friedman G D
Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Oct;120(4):565-71. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113918.
The influences of potential risk factors for benign breast disease were assessed using women twins in a matched pair design. Two groups of cases from the Kaiser-Permanente Twin Registry were considered: 1) 90 pairs of female twins in which one twin reported a history of benign breast disease confirmed by biopsy and her twin reported no history of benign breast disease, and 2) 48 pairs of female twins in which the case had clinically diagnosed fibrocystic benign breast disease and her twin was free of disease at examination and reported no history of the disease. Results were similar in these two samples. A significant positive association was found between benign breast disease and coffee consumption. Oral contraceptive use and greater body mass were inversely associated with benign breast disease after controlling for possible confounding variables by matched-pairs multiple logistic analysis. All associations were stronger for monozygotic than for dizygotic pairs. Twin pairs discordant for disease provide an excellent sample in which to assess the importance of potential risk factors while controlling for early environmental and genetic backgrounds.
采用配对设计，利用女性双胞胎评估良性乳腺疾病潜在风险因素的影响。研究了来自凯撒-永久双胞胎登记处的两组病例：1）90对女性双胞胎，其中一对双胞胎报告有经活检证实的良性乳腺疾病史，而其孪生姐妹报告无良性乳腺疾病史；2）48对女性双胞胎，其中病例患有临床诊断的纤维囊性良性乳腺疾病，而其孪生姐妹在检查时无疾病且报告无该疾病史。这两个样本的结果相似。发现良性乳腺疾病与咖啡摄入量之间存在显著正相关。在通过配对多重逻辑分析控制可能的混杂变量后，口服避孕药的使用和更高的体重与良性乳腺疾病呈负相关。所有关联在同卵双胞胎中比在异卵双胞胎中更强。疾病不一致的双胞胎对提供了一个极好的样本，可用于在控制早期环境和遗传背景的同时评估潜在风险因素的重要性。
