Varrela J
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1984 Jul;64(3):233-42. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330640305.
The effects of an extra X chromosome on size and shape of body and head were studied in 47,XXY males; 25 anthropometric measurements were recorded from 29 adult 47,XXY males and compared with those of male relatives and control males. In stature, arm length, leg length, triceps skinfold, and subscapular skinfold 47,XXY males were larger and in biacromial diameter, bideltoid breadth, wrist breadth, and in most head dimensions smaller than normal males. Arm length was increased less than leg length. Increase in stature seemed to be caused solely by increased leg length, and the somewhat feminine proportions in trunk were caused by decrease in biacromial diameter. Correlations of the body and head dimensions between 47,XXY males and their male relatives were found to be normal. The present findings support the earlier proposals that X chromosome carries genes which influence linear growth. It is suggested that the reduction in biacromial diameter is caused by lowered plasma testosterone level which may also have affected sitting height. The control of body and head dimensions seems to be maintained relatively normal.
对47,XXY男性额外一条X染色体对身体和头部大小及形状的影响进行了研究；对29名成年47,XXY男性记录了25项人体测量数据，并与男性亲属及对照男性的数据进行比较。在身高、臂长、腿长、肱三头肌皮褶厚度和肩胛下皮褶厚度方面，47,XXY男性比正常男性更大；在肩峰间径、肩峰间宽度、腕宽以及大多数头部尺寸方面，47,XXY男性比正常男性更小。臂长的增加幅度小于腿长。身高增加似乎仅由腿长增加所致，而躯干略显女性化的比例是由肩峰间径减小引起的。发现47,XXY男性与其男性亲属的身体和头部尺寸之间的相关性正常。目前的研究结果支持了早期的观点，即X染色体携带影响线性生长的基因。有人提出，肩峰间径减小是由血浆睾酮水平降低所致，这也可能影响了坐高。身体和头部尺寸的控制似乎相对保持正常。
