Reese W G, Angel C, Newton J E
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1984 Jul-Sep;19(3):137-43. doi: 10.1007/BF03003586.
This theoretical paper sets the stage for subsequent experimental reports on mobility and immobility in the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointer dogs as contrasted with kennel mates of the normal line. Exactly opposite to the normal animals, the nervous dogs show marked inhibition of heart rate and musculoskeletal responses to man, including reduced ambulation and durable immobility following inversion and brief manual restraint in an open sling. The sling immobility of the nervous dogs (which may not differ basically from their freezing in upright position) might be designated as "tonic immobility" (TI). We hypothesize that such immobility, common in laboratory and natural conditions in many species, should be divided into two classes: hypotonic (cataleptic) and hypertonic (catatonic). We provide examples of such behaviors, particularly in man and dog, and cursorily review TI studies of other species. Neurophysiologic and neurochemical studies which bear on possible immobility mechanisms are briefly noted. We suggest that inconsistencies in reported concommitants of TI might result from failure to discriminate between types of behavioral responses.
这篇理论性论文为后续关于阿肯色神经指示犬系的活动与不动状态的实验报告奠定了基础，该犬系与正常犬系的同窝犬进行了对比。与正常动物截然相反，神经犬对人表现出明显的心率抑制和肌肉骨骼反应，包括活动减少以及在开放式吊床中翻转和短暂手动约束后出现持久的不动状态。神经犬的吊床不动状态（这可能与它们直立时的僵住状态并无本质区别）可被称为“紧张性不动”（TI）。我们假设，这种在许多物种的实验室和自然条件下都很常见的不动状态应分为两类：低张性（强直性昏厥）和高张性（紧张症）。我们提供了此类行为的示例，尤其是在人和狗身上的示例，并简要回顾了其他物种的紧张性不动研究。文中简要提及了与可能的不动机制相关的神经生理学和神经化学研究。我们认为，所报告的紧张性不动伴随现象中的不一致可能是由于未能区分行为反应的类型所致。
