Aikawa M, Miller L H
Ciba Found Symp. 1983;94:45-63. doi: 10.1002/9780470715444.ch4.
Erythrocyte entry by malarial merozoites causes structural alteration of the erythrocyte membrane. First, entry into erythrocytes by merozoites requires the formation of a junction between the erythrocyte membrane and the apical end of the merozoite. Secondly, migration of the junction parallel to the long axis of the merozoite brings the merozoite into an invagination of the erythrocyte membrane. Freeze-fracture studies show that the junction consists of a narrow band of rhomboidally arrayed intramembrane particles (IMP) on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane and matching rhomboidally arrayed pits on the E face. IMP on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane disappear beyond this junction, resulting in the absence of IMP from the P face of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane which originated from the erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocyte membrane is sealed off by fusion of the junction at the posterior end of the merozoite in the fashion of an iris diaphragm. After completing its entry into the erythrocyte the merozoite is surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane which is different in its molecular organization from the original erythrocyte membrane. In addition, two types of erythrocyte membrane modification are induced by intraerythrocytic parasites. They include electron-dense protrusions called knobs and caveola-vesicle complexes along the erythrocyte membrane.
疟原虫裂殖子进入红细胞会导致红细胞膜结构改变。首先，裂殖子进入红细胞需要在红细胞膜和裂殖子顶端之间形成一个连接。其次，连接沿着裂殖子长轴平行迁移，将裂殖子带入红细胞膜的内陷处。冷冻蚀刻研究表明，连接由红细胞膜P面上菱形排列的膜内颗粒（IMP）窄带和E面上匹配的菱形排列凹坑组成。红细胞膜P面上的IMP在该连接之外消失，导致源自红细胞膜的寄生泡膜P面上没有IMP。红细胞膜通过裂殖子后端连接的融合以虹膜隔膜的方式封闭。裂殖子进入红细胞后，被一层寄生泡膜包围，该寄生泡膜的分子组织与原始红细胞膜不同。此外，红细胞内寄生虫会诱导两种类型的红细胞膜修饰。它们包括沿红细胞膜的称为“瘤”的电子致密突起和小窝 - 囊泡复合体。
