Dietary management in diabetes mellitus. A goal-setting process.

Diet is a cornerstone to the management of diabetes mellitus. A successful diet will provide the necessary elements for good nutrition, maintain near normal plasma glucose ranges, and be acceptable to the patient. Persons with diabetes have differing physiologic requirements and varying lifestyle needs; therefore, an individualized dietary management program should be designed for each patient. Teaching the person with diabetes about the dietary management protocol is an ongoing process that should include all members of the health care team. With an understanding and appreciation of the goals of the diabetic diet, the nurse can evaluate the management program and reinforce learning with an anticipation that adherence to the diet will enhance the health and quality of life of the diabetic patient.