Davis A J, Mahon K A
J Adv Nurs. 1984 Jan;9(1):15-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00339.x.
This paper examines the assumptions underlying the ethical reasoning involved when the natural right to informed consent has been violated. Ramifications of the compelling need of the state to protect society by overriding the rights of individual freedom receive special attention. Specifically these issues are addressed: natural rights versus state's rights to preserve rights, state's rights versus parental autonomy, rights and duties versus paternalism, self interest and self survival versus the common good, coercion versus progress in research, and benefit versus cost. Building on these ethical considerations, the authors present a theoretical framework for ethical decision making with research involving the mentally retarded and the mentally ill.
本文探讨了在知情同意的自然权利受到侵犯时，所涉及的伦理推理背后的假设。国家为保护社会而凌驾于个人自由权利之上的迫切需求所产生的影响受到了特别关注。具体而言，探讨了以下问题：自然权利与国家维护权利的权利、国家权利与父母自主权、权利与义务与家长主义、自身利益与自我生存与共同利益、强制与研究进展，以及利益与成本。基于这些伦理考量，作者提出了一个针对涉及智障和精神疾病患者的研究进行伦理决策的理论框架。
