Acid-base balance and neostigmine antagonism of pancuronium neuromuscular blockade.

In 40 cases anesthetized with chloralose and urethane, pancuronium was infused i.v. at a constant rate to produce and maintain 90% depression twitch tension of the anterior tibialis muscle following supramaximal stimulation of the peroneal nerve. Neither respiratory alkalosis nor metabolic acidosis influenced the infusion rate required to produce 90% depression of twitch tension or antagonism of this depression yb neotigmine. Respiratory acidosis (pH 7.15; PaCO2 10 kPa) did not alter the required infusion rate but did prevent complete antagonism by neostigmine. Metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.65; PaCO2 4.8 kPa) reduced both the required infusion rate and prevented complete restoration of twitch tension by neostigmine. The duration of neostigmine antagonism was shortened by metabolic alkalosis. We conclude that respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis prevent antagonism of pancuronium by neostigmine.