Weissman J C
Bull Narc. 1984 Jul-Sep;36(3):27-41.
The United States criminal justice system, in response to a variety of risks, makes available a range of options to help control drug offenders. Pre-arrest diversion, pre-trial diversion, pre-trial release, probation, split sentencing, warn release, incarceration and parole release are alternative dispositions involving a graduated scale of punishment, incarceration, specific deterrence and rehabilitation. New drug offence sentencing policies are emerging within the criminal justice system. Traditional values of rehabilitation are currently less favoured and contemporary doctrines advocate sentencing based on principles of uniformity and retribution. Drug law sentencing practices are a principal concern of this article and the major policy themes are systematically reviewed. Diversion, criminal responsibility, selective incapacitation, trafficking, and cocaine abuse are examined. Guidelines for policy development are recommended and the analysis covers the related concepts of sentencing ideology, decriminalization, and determinate sentencing models. Specific recommendations are offered for revision of drug offence sentencing policies to incorporate the emerging penal values.
美国刑事司法系统针对各种风险，提供了一系列选项来帮助管控毒品犯罪者。逮捕前分流、审前分流、审前释放、缓刑、分割量刑、警告释放、监禁和假释释放都是替代处置方式，涉及逐步升级的惩罚、监禁、特殊威慑和改造。刑事司法系统中正在出现新的毒品犯罪量刑政策。目前，传统的改造价值观不太受青睐，当代学说主张基于一致性和报应原则进行量刑。毒品法律量刑实践是本文的主要关注点，并对主要政策主题进行了系统回顾。对分流、刑事责任、选择性监禁、贩运和可卡因滥用进行了研究。推荐了政策制定指南，分析涵盖了量刑理念、非刑事化和确定量刑模式等相关概念。针对修订毒品犯罪量刑政策以纳入新出现的刑罚价值观提出了具体建议。
