Itoh N, Obata K, Yanaihara N, Okamoto H
Nature. 1983;304(5926):547-9. doi: 10.1038/304547a0.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from porcine duodenum, is present not only in gastrointestinal tissues but also in neural tissues, possibly as a neurotransmitter, and exhibits a wide range of biological actions (for example, relaxation of smooth muscle, stimulation of intestinal water and electrolyte secretion and release of insulin, glucagon and several anterior pituitary hormones). As the structure of porcine and bovine VIP shows several similarities to those of mammalian glucagon, secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), VIP is considered to be a member of the glucagon-secretin family. Recently, we have found that VIP is synthesized from a precursor, pro-VIP (molecular weight (Mr) 17,500), in human neuroblastoma cells and that the primary translation product of the mRNA encoding VIP is prepro-VIP (Mr 20,000). In an attempt to elucidate the primary structure of the precursor, we have now cloned the DNA sequence complementary to the mRNA coding for human VIP and analysed the nucleotide sequence. The entire amino acid sequence of the precursor, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, indicates that the precursor protein contains not only VIP but also a novel peptide of 27 amino acids. The peptide, designated PHM-27, differs by only 2 amino acids from PHI-27, a peptide recently isolated from porcine intestine, and is also closely related in sequence to VIP.
血管活性肠肽（VIP）是一种最初从猪十二指肠中分离出来的由28个氨基酸组成的肽，它不仅存在于胃肠道组织中，也存在于神经组织中，可能作为一种神经递质，并具有广泛的生物学作用（例如，使平滑肌松弛、刺激肠道水和电解质分泌以及释放胰岛素、胰高血糖素和几种垂体前叶激素）。由于猪和牛的VIP结构与哺乳动物的胰高血糖素、促胰液素和胃抑肽（GIP）有一些相似之处，因此VIP被认为是胰高血糖素-促胰液素家族的成员。最近，我们发现VIP是在人神经母细胞瘤细胞中由前体前血管活性肠肽（分子量（Mr）17,500）合成的，并且编码VIP的mRNA的初级翻译产物是前原血管活性肠肽（Mr 20,000）。为了阐明该前体的一级结构，我们现在克隆了与编码人VIP的mRNA互补的DNA序列并分析了核苷酸序列。从核苷酸序列推导出来的前体的完整氨基酸序列表明，该前体蛋白不仅包含VIP，还包含一种由27个氨基酸组成的新肽。该肽被命名为PHM - 27，与最近从猪肠道中分离出来的肽PHI - 27仅相差2个氨基酸，并且在序列上也与VIP密切相关。
