Darlington P J
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1960-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1960.
The blind spot of the present generation of evolutionists is failure to see the consequences and limits of natural selection. Darwinian natural selection is a costly process of differential elimination of individuals. The widely accepted misdefinition of natural selection as differential reproduction mistakenly hides the Darwinian process and its cost. And current theories of selfish genes, inclusive fitness, and kin selection are incompatible with Darwinian selection. Implicitly, if not explicitly, they postulate genes that favor themselves but reduce the Darwinian fitness of the individuals carrying them. Such genes would not survive; they would eliminate themselves by causing the selective elimination of their carriers. Critical questions that evolutionists should be asked are suggested. My own "unhappy conclusion" is that, because most biologists have forgotten what natural selection is, much current evolutionary and sociobiological theory presented by the most influential evolutionists is mistaken and dangerous. Anthropologists and sociologists are wise to distrust it.
当代进化论者的盲点在于未能看清自然选择的后果和局限性。达尔文式的自然选择是一个对个体进行差异性淘汰的代价高昂的过程。将自然选择广泛误定义为差异性繁殖，错误地掩盖了达尔文式的过程及其代价。而当前的自私基因理论、广义适合度理论和亲属选择理论与达尔文式选择并不兼容。它们即便没有明确地，也在隐含地假定那些对自身有利但会降低携带它们的个体的达尔文适合度的基因。这样的基因无法存活；它们会通过导致其携带者被选择性淘汰而自我消除。文中提出了一些进化论者应该被问及的关键问题。我自己的“不幸结论”是，由于大多数生物学家已经忘记了自然选择是什么，当前最有影响力的进化论者所提出的许多进化和社会生物学理论都是错误且危险的。人类学家和社会学家不信任它是明智的。
