Proffit W R, Fields H W
J Dent Res. 1983 May;62(5):571-4. doi: 10.1177/00220345830620051301.
In children aged from six to 11 yr, forces of dental occlusion during swallowing, simulated chewing, and hard biting are similar for normal- and long-face individuals. Forces in the normal- and long-face children are similar to those in long-face adults, but are about half those in normal adults. It appears that individuals with the long-face pattern fail to gain strength normally in the mandibular elevator muscles.
在6至11岁的儿童中，正常脸型和长脸型个体在吞咽、模拟咀嚼和用力咬合时的牙合力量相似。正常脸型和长脸型儿童的力量与长脸型成年人的力量相似，但约为正常成年人力量的一半。看来，长脸型模式的个体下颌升肌力量未能正常增强。
