Ismail A I, Burt B A, Eklund S A
J Am Dent Assoc. 1983 May;106(5):617-21. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1983.0137.
The adverse effect of smoking on periodontal health has been demonstrated in the analysis of the dental and smoking history data collected from a representative sample of the US population. The association between poorer levels of periodontal health and smoking remained even after accounting for age, sex, race, oral hygiene, socioeconomic status, and frequency of daily toothbrushing variables. When the analysis was restricted to smokers only, no clear-cut association was demonstrated between periodontal disease and the duration of smoking or the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The results of this study suggest that dental practitioners should try to discourage their patients from smoking for reasons of periodontal health as well as general preventive care.
对从美国人口代表性样本中收集的牙齿和吸烟史数据进行分析后，吸烟对牙周健康的不良影响已得到证实。即使在考虑了年龄、性别、种族、口腔卫生、社会经济地位和每日刷牙频率等变量之后，牙周健康水平较差与吸烟之间的关联依然存在。当分析仅限于吸烟者时，未发现牙周疾病与吸烟持续时间或每日吸烟量之间存在明确的关联。这项研究结果表明，牙科医生应出于牙周健康以及一般预防保健的原因，劝诫患者不要吸烟。
