Structural analysis of human adult and fetal alkaline phosphatases by cyanogen bromide peptide mapping.

The adult and fetal forms of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPase; orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.1) are indistinguishable by a variety of analytical procedures. However, they differ electrophoretically and can be differentiated by binding studies with monoclonal antibodies. In this report, these two enzymes along with placental and liver ALPases are compared by the technique of CNBr peptide mapping, and the role of carbohydrate in generating these patterns is investigated. NaDodSO4/PAGE of CNBr digests of radiolabeled ALPases from fetal and adult intestine shows that these two isozymes share five of seven common-sized CNBr fragments. Placental ALPase shares only one common-sized fragment with either intestinal enzyme. Liver ALPase has no CNBr fragments in common with any of the others. These data indicate that fetal intestinal ALPase is not a heterodimer of one subunit each of intestinal ALPase and placental ALPase as has been postulated. CNBr digests of neuraminidase-treated enzymes reveal a change of mobility of only one CNBr band in each of fetal intestinal, placental, and liver ALPases, indicating the presence of sialic acid residues in these fragments. Periodic acid/Schiff reagent staining (specific for carbohydrate) of CNBr digests of fetal and adult intestinal ALPases reacts with only one band in each enzyme, which is the same band from the fetal enzyme shown to contain sialic acid. However, fetal and adult intestinal ALPases each contain at least one CNBr fragment of unique size that is apparently nonglycosylated.