Bull World Health Organ. 1983;61(3):423-33.
Control of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is essential for the appropriate use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Hospitals are regarded as the place where antibiotic-resistant bacteria might often develop. Control of antibiotic use in hospitals is therefore one of the most important measures for effective control of antibiotic resistance. Another effective means to control antibiotic resistance is to develop a surveillance programme on a national, and international scale. This would be of great assistance, especially for forecasting future changes in the resistance of bacteria. The prevention of disease by measures other than the use of antibiotics could also reduce antibiotic resistance.This Memorandum of the WHO Scientific Working Group on Antibiotic Resistance describes the measures for controlling the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by (a) the surveillance of antibiotic resistance, including surveillance of resistance in human pathogens and resistance determinants in the general population, and (b) control of antibiotic use in hospitals, the essential elements of which are the establishment of appropriate hospital antibiotic policy, elaboration of general strategy, and the monitoring of antibiotic use. Further research needs are also described and a number of areas are indicated where research might lead to improvements in antibiotic use and in methods for the containment of resistance. Guidelines for the appropriate use of antibiotics are presented in an Annex.
控制抗生素耐药菌的流行对于合理使用抗生素预防和治疗感染至关重要。医院被视为抗生素耐药菌经常滋生的场所。因此，控制医院内抗生素的使用是有效控制抗生素耐药性的最重要措施之一。另一种控制抗生素耐药性的有效方法是在国家和国际层面开展监测计划。这将提供极大帮助，特别是对于预测细菌耐药性的未来变化。通过使用抗生素以外的措施预防疾病也可以减少抗生素耐药性。世卫组织抗生素耐药性科学工作组的这份备忘录描述了通过以下方式控制抗生素耐药菌流行的措施：(a) 监测抗生素耐药性，包括监测人类病原体中的耐药性和普通人群中的耐药决定因素；(b) 控制医院内抗生素的使用，其基本要素是制定适当的医院抗生素政策、制定总体战略以及监测抗生素的使用。还描述了进一步的研究需求，并指出了一些研究领域，这些研究可能会改进抗生素的使用以及控制耐药性的方法。附件中列出了抗生素合理使用指南。
