Hartwig-Otto H
Am J Med. 1983 Nov 14;75(5A):30-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90230-9.
Knowledge of pharmacokinetics (action of organisms on drugs) and pharmacodynamics (drug action on living organisms) allows for the proper assessment of the most suitable dose, dosing intervals, route of administration, as well as dose adjustment when clinically indicated. The basic physical scientific principles of the movement of drug particles across biologic barriers, their subsequent conversion to other chemical forms, and their elimination are reviewed in general terms. The specific metabolic pathways for aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are then discussed in more detail. Elimination of salicylate involves two saturable (nonlinear) major pathways and three apparently first-order (linear) minor pathways; these mixed order kinetics lead to somewhat complex mathematics affecting elimination half-life which, in turn, can have implications for anticipating side effects and toxicity. The kinetics of acetaminophen also involve various pathways, but studies have shown a good correlation between the expected and the observed elimination half-life of this drug. Comparison is made between the in vivo handling of the two analgesics, but it is stressed that these data apply only to healthy adults under normal conditions and cannot be extrapolated to patients with underlying disease processes.
了解药物代谢动力学（生物体对药物的作用）和药效学（药物对生物体的作用）有助于正确评估最合适的剂量、给药间隔、给药途径以及临床指征时的剂量调整。本文将概述药物颗粒穿过生物屏障的运动、随后转化为其他化学形式以及消除的基本物理科学原理。然后将更详细地讨论阿司匹林和对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的具体代谢途径。水杨酸盐的消除涉及两条可饱和（非线性）主要途径和三条明显的一级（线性）次要途径；这些混合顺序动力学导致影响消除半衰期的数学计算有些复杂，这反过来又可能对预测副作用和毒性有影响。对乙酰氨基酚的动力学也涉及各种途径，但研究表明该药物的预期消除半衰期与观察到的消除半衰期之间有良好的相关性。本文对这两种镇痛药的体内处理进行了比较，但强调这些数据仅适用于正常条件下的健康成年人，不能外推至有潜在疾病过程的患者。
