Bockman D E, Kirby M L
Science. 1984 Feb 3;223(4635):498-500. doi: 10.1126/science.6606851.
Elimination of limited areas of the cephalic neural crest in stage 9 or 10 chick embryos markedly reduced the size of the thymus gland or resulted in its absence. Small thymic lobes contained both thymocytes and epithelial cells but showed delayed development. Parathyroid and thyroid glands sometimes were reduced in size or missing from the normal location on one or both sides. Heart defects were consistently present. Thymus development may depend on direct interaction of mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest with pharyngeal epithelium. Multiple defects, such as the Di George syndrome, may result from failure of neural crest derivatives to migrate and interact properly.
在第9或10期鸡胚中消除头侧神经嵴的有限区域，会显著减小胸腺的大小或导致胸腺缺失。小的胸腺叶中既有胸腺细胞又有上皮细胞，但发育延迟。甲状旁腺和甲状腺有时会变小或从一侧或两侧的正常位置缺失。心脏缺陷始终存在。胸腺发育可能依赖于神经嵴间充质衍生物与咽上皮的直接相互作用。多种缺陷，如迪格奥尔格综合征，可能是由于神经嵴衍生物迁移和相互作用异常所致。
