de Bruycker M, Greco D, Annino I, Stazi M A, de Ruggiero N, Triassi M, de Kettenis Y P, Lechat M F
Bull World Health Organ. 1983;61(6):1021-5.
A retrospective survey was undertaken on the health effects of the 1980 earthquake in southern Italy. The study population included 3619 people living in 7 villages situated near the epicentre of the disaster. The overall casualty rate (dead and injured) was 19.7%. Nearly all the deaths (192/202) occurred among trapped people who died before they could be rescued. Eighty per cent of all the trapped people were extricated within 2 days, mostly without the use of sophisticated means. The probability of survival decreased sharply, the longer the time before extrication. The crude mortality during the 18 months following the earthquake was 19.0 per thousand among the injured people who received treatment, and 14.1 per thousand among non-injured people. After age standardization, there was no significant difference between these two figures and the expected mortality figures for the Italian population in normal times (14.4 per thousand). These results stress the importance of providing rescue activities in the first 48 hours after the impact. Strengthening the self-reliance of the community in disaster preparedness is suggested as the best way to improve the effectiveness of relief operations. In disaster-prone areas, training and education in methods of rescue should be an integral part of any primary health care programme.
对意大利南部1980年地震的健康影响进行了一项回顾性调查。研究人群包括居住在灾难震中附近7个村庄的3619人。总伤亡率（死亡和受伤）为19.7%。几乎所有死亡（192/202）都发生在被困人员中，他们在获救前就已死亡。80%的被困人员在2天内被救出，大多数情况下无需使用复杂手段。被困时间越长，存活概率急剧下降。在地震后的18个月里，接受治疗的受伤人员的粗死亡率为每千人19.0，未受伤人员为每千人14.1。年龄标准化后，这两个数字与意大利正常时期人口的预期死亡率数字（每千人14.4）之间没有显著差异。这些结果强调了在地震发生后的头48小时内开展救援活动的重要性。建议加强社区在备灾方面的自力更生，以此作为提高救援行动有效性的最佳方式。在易受灾地区，救援方法的培训和教育应成为任何初级卫生保健计划的一个组成部分。
