Zhang Li, Zhao Minggang, Fu Wenhao, Gao Xinqiang, Shen Ji, Zhang Zuyun, Xian Ming, Jiao Yunzhi, Jiang Jian, Wang Jinqian, Gao Guomin, Tang Bin, Chen Liang, Li Weimin, Zhou Changhua, Deng Shaoping, Gu Jianwen, Zhang Dong, Zheng Ying, Chen Xiangmei
State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Military Medical College, Beijing, China.
National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097416. eCollection 2014.
A 7.0-magnitude earthquake hit Lushan County in China's Sichuan province on April 20, 2013, resulting in 196 deaths and 11,470 injured. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of the injuries and the treatment of the seismic victims.
After the earthquake, an epidemiological survey of injured patients was conducted by the Health Department of Sichuan Province. Epidemiological survey tools included paper-and-pencil questionnaires and a data management system based on the Access Database. Questionnaires were completed based on the medical records of inpatients with earthquake-related injuries. Outpatients or non-seismic injured inpatients were excluded. A total of 2010 patients from 140 hospitals were included.
The most common type of injuries involved bone fractures (58.3%). Children younger than 10 years of age suffered fewer fractures and chest injuries, but more skin and soft -tissue injuries. Patients older than 80 years were more likely to suffer hip and thigh fractures, pelvis fractures, and chest injuries, whereas adult patients suffered more ankle and foot fractures. A total of 207 cases of calcaneal fracture were due to high falling injuries related to extreme panic. The most common type of infection in hospitalized patients was pulmonary infections. A total of 70.5% patients had limb dysfunction, and 60.1% of this group received rehabilitation. Most patients received rehabilitation within 1 week, and the median duration of rehabilitation was 3 weeks. The cause of death of all seven hospitalized patients who died was severe traumatic brain injuries; five of this group died within 24 h after the earthquake.
Injuries varied as a function of the age of the victim. As more injuries were indirectly caused by the Lushan earthquake, disaster education is urgently needed to avoid secondary injuries.
2013年4月20日，中国四川省芦山县发生7.0级地震，造成196人死亡，11470人受伤。本研究旨在分析地震遇难者的损伤特征及治疗情况。
地震发生后，四川省卫生厅对受伤患者进行了流行病学调查。流行病学调查工具包括纸质问卷和基于Access数据库的数据管理系统。问卷根据地震相关损伤住院患者的病历填写。排除门诊患者或非地震受伤住院患者。共纳入140家医院的2010例患者。
最常见的损伤类型为骨折（58.3%）。10岁以下儿童骨折和胸部损伤较少，但皮肤和软组织损伤较多。80岁以上患者更易发生髋部和大腿骨折、骨盆骨折及胸部损伤，而成人患者踝关节和足部骨折较多。共有207例跟骨骨折是由于极度恐慌导致的高处坠落伤。住院患者最常见的感染类型为肺部感染。共有70.5%的患者存在肢体功能障碍，其中60.1%的患者接受了康复治疗。大多数患者在1周内接受康复治疗，康复治疗的中位持续时间为3周。7例住院死亡患者的死因均为重型颅脑损伤；其中5例在地震后24小时内死亡。
损伤情况因受害者年龄而异。由于芦山地震间接导致的损伤较多，迫切需要开展灾害教育以避免二次损伤。
