Harrow M, Lanin-Kettering I, Prosen M, Miller J G
Schizophr Bull. 1983;9(3):354-67. doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.3.354.
In a study of schizophrenic thought pathology, potential loss of set and intermingling were examined. The responses of 36 acute psychiatric patients who showed intermingling were analyzed. Intermingling, frequently seen in the speech and thinking of schizophrenic patients, involves the blending of personal material from one's experiences into one's thinking and communication, leading to bizarre and inappropriate speech. The results indicated that intermingling frequently leads to some loss of goal-directed thinking, but not usually to complete loss of set. Patients adopt new sets based partly on the original topic and partly on their own personal idiosyncratic concerns. The apparent "looseness" of schizophrenic patients is based on thematic shifts to idiosyncratic ideas, often from the beginning of their responses, rather than on word-to-word associative looseness. Intermingling of personal concerns typically occurs in a nonfragmented fashion. Schizophrenics and other psychotic patients show significantly more intermingling of personal material in open and undisguised fashion, as though they do not recognize how inappropriate their intermingling appears. The results suggest that although the intrusion of personal material is task inappropriate, it still represents a form of systematic, goal-oriented thinking.
在一项关于精神分裂症思维病理学的研究中，对定势丧失的可能性和内容混合进行了检验。分析了36名表现出内容混合的急性精神病患者的反应。内容混合在精神分裂症患者的言语和思维中经常出现，它涉及将个人经历中的素材融入到思维和交流中，从而导致怪异和不适当的言语。结果表明，内容混合常常会导致某种程度的目标导向性思维丧失，但通常不会导致完全丧失定势。患者会部分基于原始主题、部分基于自身独特的关注点来采用新的定势。精神分裂症患者明显的“思维松散”是基于向独特想法的主题转换，往往从他们开始回应时就出现，而不是基于逐字的联想松散。个人关注点的内容混合通常以非碎片化的方式发生。精神分裂症患者和其他精神病患者以公开且不加掩饰的方式表现出明显更多的个人素材内容混合，仿佛他们没有意识到自己的内容混合显得多么不适当。结果表明，虽然个人素材的侵入在任务情境中不适当，但它仍然代表了一种系统性的、目标导向性的思维形式。
