Raskin L A
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983 Aug;19(2):187-91. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90037-0.
The present experiments investigated how environmental stimuli influence a behavioral response to amphetamine treatment in preweanling rats. In the first experiment, 15-day-old rats received either 1 mg/kg d-amphetamine or saline and were observed in the presence of their home shavings or in a novel cage. Results showed that although familiar cues from the home bedding decreased activity of the saline treated pups, these cues did not influence the activity-enhancing effect of amphetamine. In Experiment 2, 15-day-old pups were placed in a cage with an anesthetized adult conspecific and non-directed activity, around the cage, as well as directed activity on top of the adult were recorded. Following amphetamine treatment, animals tested with a conspecific showed no increase in non-directed activity, a finding which replicates previous observations. In the present experiment, however, a significant increase was seen in the activity directed towards or on top of the anesthetized adult. These experiments reveal that familiar cues per se are not sufficient to influence amphetamine-induced activity in young rats. Activity is influenced, specifically if familiar cues are associated with a discrete object. In the presence of a familiar stimulus, non-directed activity is decreased and directed activity is enhanced. These data are discussed in terms of clinical findings which show that amphetamine acts to focus, or direct activity of the hyperactive child, and further underlines the importance of environmental variables in influencing the amphetamine response.
本实验研究了环境刺激如何影响断奶前大鼠对苯丙胺治疗的行为反应。在第一个实验中，15日龄的大鼠接受1毫克/千克的右旋苯丙胺或生理盐水，并在有它们的家垫料的环境中或在一个新笼子里进行观察。结果表明，虽然来自家垫料的熟悉线索降低了生理盐水处理幼崽的活动，但这些线索并未影响苯丙胺的活动增强效果。在实验2中，将15日龄的幼崽放入一个有麻醉的成年同种个体的笼子里，记录其在笼子周围的无定向活动以及在成年个体身上的定向活动。在接受苯丙胺治疗后，与同种个体一起测试的动物的无定向活动没有增加，这一发现重复了之前的观察结果。然而，在本实验中，观察到指向麻醉成年个体或在其身上的活动有显著增加。这些实验表明，熟悉的线索本身不足以影响幼鼠中苯丙胺诱导的活动。活动会受到影响，特别是当熟悉的线索与一个离散物体相关联时。在存在熟悉刺激的情况下，无定向活动会减少，定向活动会增强。这些数据结合临床研究结果进行了讨论，临床研究结果表明苯丙胺的作用是集中或引导多动儿童的活动，并进一步强调了环境变量在影响苯丙胺反应中的重要性。
