Klauss V, Chana H S
Soc Sci Med. 1983;17(22):1743-50. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(83)90386-6.
This paper is an analysis of 470 cases of oculo-orbital tumors in Kenya. The present series is compared with the major works conducted in other African and Western countries. We refer to age, sex and geographic characteristics and prevalence of tumors in different populations and stress the differences found. The major emphasis is on retinoblastoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Orbital Hydatidosis is included as a differential diagnosis of unilateral propotosis. Considering all the reviews, retinoblastoma is reported in high numbers in African countries whereas uveal melanoma is extremely rare. Among the tumors of the lids and conjunctiva, squamous cell carcinoma occurs more frequently than in Caucasians. Besides retinoblastoma infiltracting the orbit, Burkitt's lymphoma is the most common orbital tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Kenya has the third highest incidence in the world. Proptosis is the hallmark of orbital disease and is the commonest manifestation sign at first attendance, a fact which validates the late presentation of most of our patients. The difficulties encountered in early diagnosis and hence the appropriate management are discussed and in concluding remarks some recommendation are made.
本文对肯尼亚的470例眼眶肿瘤病例进行了分析。将本系列病例与在其他非洲国家和西方国家进行的主要研究进行了比较。我们参考了年龄、性别、地理特征以及不同人群中肿瘤的患病率，并强调了所发现的差异。主要重点是视网膜母细胞瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤和鼻咽癌。眼眶包虫病被列为单侧眼球突出的鉴别诊断。综合所有综述来看，非洲国家报告的视网膜母细胞瘤病例数量较多，而葡萄膜黑色素瘤极为罕见。在眼睑和结膜肿瘤中，鳞状细胞癌的发生率高于白种人。除了视网膜母细胞瘤侵犯眼眶外，伯基特淋巴瘤是最常见的眼眶肿瘤，肯尼亚的鼻咽癌发病率在世界上排名第三。眼球突出是眼眶疾病的标志，也是首次就诊时最常见的表现体征，这一事实证实了我们大多数患者就诊较晚。文中讨论了早期诊断以及相应治疗中遇到的困难，并在结束语中提出了一些建议。
