Meyer J E, Pudel V
Z Gerontol. 1983 Sep-Oct;16(5):241-7.
The nutritional situation of the elderly is characterised on the one hand by changes in nutrient requirements resulting from increased age and on the other hand by altered nutritional needs. Faulty eating habits, malnutrition as well as overeating are not uncommon. Experimental research in spontaneous feeding behavior lead to the conclusion that not only is the modifiability of food intake through environmental stimulation reduced in the elderly, but also the efficiency of internal cues through which the degree of satiety is experienced. Investigation of taste and smell in which a total reduction of sensory capacity was ascertained, point in the same direction: sensory deficits have a cumulative effect on the appetite of the elderly. An increased reliance on habit and rational as well as pseudo-rational eating rules was observed on the part of the elderly. Indications for praxis are derived from these observations which are discussed in the context of a theoretical concept.
老年人的营养状况一方面表现为因年龄增长导致营养需求的变化，另一方面表现为营养需求的改变。不良饮食习惯、营养不良以及暴饮暴食并不罕见。对自发进食行为的实验研究得出结论，老年人不仅通过环境刺激改变食物摄入量的能力下降，而且感受饱腹感程度的内部信号效率也降低。对味觉和嗅觉的调查确定了感觉能力全面下降，这也指向同一方向：感觉缺陷对老年人的食欲有累积影响。观察发现老年人越来越依赖习惯以及合理和伪合理的饮食规则。从这些观察结果中得出了实践建议，并在一个理论概念的背景下进行了讨论。
