Boesveldt Sanne, de Graaf Kees
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Perception. 2017 Mar-Apr;46(3-4):307-319. doi: 10.1177/0301006616685576. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Food choice and food intake are guided by both sensory and metabolic processes. The senses of taste and smell play a key role in the sensory effects on choice and intake. This article provides a comprehensive overview of, and will argue for, the differential role of smell and taste for eating behavior by focusing on appetite, choice, intake, and satiation. The sense of smell mainly plays a priming role in eating behavior. It has been demonstrated that (orthonasal) odor exposure induces appetite specifically for the cued food. However, the influence of odors on food choice and intake is less clear, and may also depend on awareness or intensity of the odors, or personality traits of the participants. Taste on the other hand, has a clear role as a (macro)nutrient sensing system, during consumption. Together with texture, taste is responsible for eating rate, and thus in determining the oral exposure duration of food in the mouth, thereby contributing to satiation. Results from these experimental studies should be taken to real-life situations, to assess longer-term effects on energy intake. With this knowledge, it will be possible to steer people's eating behavior, as well as food product development, toward a less obesogenic society.
食物选择和食物摄入量受感官和代谢过程的引导。味觉和嗅觉在对选择和摄入量的感官影响中起着关键作用。本文通过关注食欲、选择、摄入量和饱腹感，全面概述并论证嗅觉和味觉在饮食行为中的不同作用。嗅觉在饮食行为中主要起启动作用。已经证明，（经鼻）气味暴露会特别引发对提示食物的食欲。然而，气味对食物选择和摄入量的影响尚不清楚，并且可能还取决于气味的可感知程度或强度，或参与者的个性特征。另一方面，味觉在进食过程中作为一种（宏观）营养素感知系统具有明确的作用。与质地一起，味觉决定进食速度，从而决定食物在口腔中的停留时间，进而有助于产生饱腹感。这些实验研究的结果应应用于现实生活情境，以评估对能量摄入的长期影响。有了这些知识，将有可能引导人们的饮食行为以及食品开发，朝着一个不易致肥胖的社会发展。
