Holstege G, Graveland G, Bijker-Biemond C, Schuddeboom I
Brain Behav Evol. 1983;23(1-2):47-62. doi: 10.1159/000121488.
Retrograde HRP studies indicated that motoneurons innervating soft palate and pharynx are located in especially the dorsal group of the nucleus ambiguus, while motoneurons innervating upper esophagus and cricothyroid muscles are located in the retrofacial nucleus, the most rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus. Autoradiographic tracing techniques revealed that in the caudal pontine tegmentum an area is located just dorsal to the superior olivary complex, that projects contralaterally to the ventral part of the trigeminal motor nucleus, the dorsal group of the nucleus ambiguus and the ventral part of the hypoglossal nucleus. In these areas motoneurons are located innervating the mylohyoid, soft palate, pharynx and geniohyoid muscles respectively. Since these muscles are all involved in swallowing, a possible involvement of this pontine tegmental area in swallowing is discussed.
逆行辣根过氧化物酶研究表明，支配软腭和咽部的运动神经元尤其位于疑核的背侧组，而支配食管上段和环甲肌的运动神经元位于疑核最前端的面神经后核。放射自显影追踪技术显示，在脑桥尾侧被盖部，一个区域恰位于上橄榄复合体背侧，该区域对侧投射至三叉神经运动核腹侧部、疑核背侧组和舌下神经核腹侧部。在这些区域分别有支配下颌舌骨肌、软腭、咽部和颏舌骨肌的运动神经元。由于这些肌肉均参与吞咽，因此讨论了该脑桥被盖部区域在吞咽过程中可能的作用。
