Cartwright R A, Adib R, Appleyard I, Glashan R W, Gray B, Hamilton-Stewart P A, Robinson M, Barham-Hall D
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983 Dec;37(4):256-63. doi: 10.1136/jech.37.4.256.
Results are given of a case-control study on bladder cancer in West Yorkshire. The aim of the study was to assess what risks exist for cigarette smoking in the United Kingdom and also to investigate if a dose response effect was present. The study shows for the first time in the United Kingdom a positive but weak relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer. Close examination of the data with regard to this effect shows that a complex set of relationships result when the quantity smoked and the period of smoking are taken into account. A dose response effect is weakly demonstrated when a medium quantity of cigarettes are smoked but it is not present at all in those who smoked most cigarettes for the longest periods. No risk appears to exist for those who have smoked only filter cigarettes. The results are contrasted with similar studies and the significance of the observations are discussed.
给出了西约克郡膀胱癌病例对照研究的结果。该研究的目的是评估英国吸烟存在哪些风险，同时调查是否存在剂量反应效应。该研究首次在英国表明吸烟与膀胱癌之间存在正向但微弱的关系。仔细检查关于这种效应的数据表明，当考虑吸烟量和吸烟时间时，会产生一系列复杂的关系。当吸食中等数量香烟时，微弱地显示出剂量反应效应，但在吸烟时间最长且吸烟量最大的人群中根本不存在这种效应。对于只吸过滤嘴香烟的人来说，似乎不存在风险。将结果与类似研究进行了对比，并讨论了这些观察结果的意义。
