Vineis P, Frea B, Uberti E, Ghisetti V, Terracini B
Tumori. 1983 Feb 28;69(1):17-22. doi: 10.1177/030089168306900103.
Cigarette consumption was compared between 355 males with cancer of the lower urinary tract and 276 male hospital controls. Both duration of smoking and average daily consumption of cigarettes showed a dose-response relationship with risks of developing bladder cancer. Quitting smoking seems to have a protective role, whereas higher relative risks are associated with an early age at start of smoking. The use of a filter seems to have a weak protective effect.
