de la Cruz A A, Lue K Y
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1978;7(1):47-61. doi: 10.1007/BF02332037.
The decomposition rate of fire ant baits and the consequent leaching of the pesticide mirex from the bait were investigated for one year in three types of environments (i.e., on the ground, in the soil, and in the pond) by means of the nylon litter bag method. There was no significant difference in the decomposition rates between toxic and non-toxic baits. The bait proved to be stable and slow to decay. After one year of exposure in the field, about 75% of bait material remained in the bags that were deployed on the ground, 60% in the soil, and 25% in the pond. The removal of mirex from the bait was due to leaching from, and natural decay of the bait. The loss of mirex from the bait to the environment varied significantly among the three habitats. At the end of 12 months, mirex disappearance from baits exposed on the ground was 41.1%, in the soil 56.3%, and in the pond 83.9%. The rate of mirex loss was slower during fall and winter. The toxicities of the bait decomposed in situ for different lengths of time (12, 9, 6, 3, and 0 months) to the land isopod Armadillidium vulgare and the soil millipede oxidus gracilis were higher than the undecomposed baits. This indicated that weathered mirex baits left in the field have greater biological impact than freshly applied baits, at least on the two soil animals tested.
采用尼龙垃圾袋法，在三种环境类型（即地面、土壤和池塘）中对火蚁诱饵的分解速率以及随之而来的杀虫剂灭蚁灵从诱饵中的淋溶情况进行了为期一年的研究。有毒诱饵和无毒诱饵的分解速率没有显著差异。结果表明，诱饵稳定且分解缓慢。在田间暴露一年后，放置在地面的袋子中约75%的诱饵材料留存，土壤中的留存率为60%，池塘中的留存率为25%。灭蚁灵从诱饵中的去除是由于诱饵的淋溶和自然分解。灭蚁灵从诱饵向环境中的损失在三种栖息地之间差异显著。在12个月末，暴露在地面的诱饵中灭蚁灵的消失率为41.1%，土壤中为56.3%，池塘中为83.9%。灭蚁灵在秋季和冬季的损失速率较慢。在原位分解不同时间长度（12、9、6、3和零个月）的诱饵对陆生等足动物普通卷甲虫和土壤马陆细纹球马陆的毒性高于未分解的诱饵。这表明留在田间的风化灭蚁灵诱饵比新施用的诱饵具有更大的生物影响，至少对所测试的两种土壤动物而言如此。
