Kraemer M J, Richardson M A, Weiss N S, Furukawa C T, Shapiro G G, Pierson W E, Bierman C W
JAMA. 1983 Feb 25;249(8):1022-5.
To ascertain risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions (PMEE), we interviewed the parents of two groups of children. The first consisted of 76 children with PMEE who were admitted to the hospital for tympanostomy-tube insertion. The second, a control group, consisted of 76 children admitted for other types of surgery, who were matched for age, sex, season, and surgical ward. Nearly all (97%) of the children admitted for insertion of tympanostomy tubes had one or more episodes of suppurative otitis media. Only 59% of the control children had previous ear infections. Frequent ear infections sharply increased the risk for persistent effusions. Catarrh, household cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy also occurred more frequently in children with PMEE. The risk for middle-ear effusions was greatest when these three factors were all present. The avoidance of daily exposure to domestic tobacco smoke and, if atopic, of specific allergens should be included in the medical treatment of children with PMEE.
为确定持续性中耳积液（PMEE）的危险因素，我们对两组儿童的家长进行了访谈。第一组由76名因需插入鼓膜置管而入院的PMEE患儿组成。第二组为对照组，由76名因其他类型手术入院的儿童组成，这些儿童在年龄、性别、季节和手术病房方面进行了匹配。几乎所有（97%）因插入鼓膜置管而入院的儿童都有过一次或多次化脓性中耳炎发作。对照组中只有59%的儿童曾患耳部感染。频繁的耳部感染显著增加了持续性积液的风险。卡他症状、家庭接触香烟烟雾和特应性在PMEE患儿中也更常见。当这三个因素都存在时，中耳积液的风险最大。对于PMEE患儿的治疗应包括避免日常接触家庭烟草烟雾，以及对于特应性患儿避免接触特定过敏原。
