Cummings E M, Zahn-Waxler C, Radke-Yarrow M
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;25(1):63-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb01719.x.
Developmental trends in children's reactions to anger and affection between others in the home were examined. School-age children evidenced greater emotional self-control and more effective and planful strategies for attempting to alter the course of others' conflicts. Children's responses to anger appeared to be mediated by individual differences in emotionality, which evidenced continuity across settings and between age periods. However, there was evidence that experience could modify reaction patterns to anger. Boys become less likely than girls to react emotionally to affection as they got older, but otherwise there were no developmental changes in responding to affection. Continuity across settings in reacting to affection was also apparent, but there was no relationship between patterns of responding to anger and affection.
研究了儿童对家庭中他人愤怒和关爱的反应的发展趋势。学龄儿童表现出更强的情绪自我控制能力，以及更有效、更有计划性的策略来试图改变他人冲突的进程。儿童对愤怒的反应似乎受到情绪方面个体差异的调节，这种差异在不同情境和不同年龄段之间都表现出连续性。然而，有证据表明经验可以改变对愤怒的反应模式。随着年龄增长，男孩比女孩对关爱产生情绪化反应的可能性降低，但在对关爱的反应方面没有其他发展变化。对关爱反应在不同情境中的连续性也很明显，但对愤怒和关爱的反应模式之间没有关联。
