Rissanen V, Suomalainen O, Karjalainen P, Kettunen K, Kärkkäinen A, Länsimies E, Wiljasalo M
Acta Med Scand. 1984;215(1):13-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb04964.x.
The incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the usefulness of various screening methods for its detection were studied in 108 patients undergoing elective hip surgery. Twenty patients had PE as shown by perfusion-ventilation lung scintigraphy. Six of them had symptoms of embolism. Clinical symptoms of PE, highly suggestive electrocardiographic (ECG) signs and signs in chest radiographs showed high specificity but low sensitivity with regard to PE. If the non-specific ECG signs and the symptoms and signs of deep vein thrombosis in the calves had also been taken into account, it would have been possible to identify 95% of the patients with PE. The use of all these screening tests revealed a suspicion of PE in two thirds of the patients. The simplest way to screen for postoperative PE seems to be to use a combination of the symptoms and signs of both PE and deep vein thrombosis, and to identify any tachycardia. This method gave a sensitivity of 85%.
对108例择期髋关节手术患者的肺栓塞（PE）发生率及各种筛查方法对其检测的有效性进行了研究。灌注-通气肺闪烁扫描显示20例患者发生了PE。其中6例有栓塞症状。PE的临床症状、高度提示性的心电图（ECG）表现及胸部X线片表现对PE具有高特异性但低敏感性。如果将非特异性ECG表现以及小腿深静脉血栓形成的症状和体征也考虑在内，则有可能识别出95%的PE患者。使用所有这些筛查试验发现三分之二的患者疑似有PE。筛查术后PE的最简单方法似乎是结合PE和深静脉血栓形成的症状和体征，并识别任何心动过速。该方法的敏感性为85%。
