Mac Rae S M, Brown B, Edelhauser H F
Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Feb;97(2):221-32. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76094-5.
In a study of the corneal toxicity of some commonly used presurgical skin antiseptics, we used biomicroscopy, corneal pachymetry, healing studies, and electron microscopy to compare tincture of iodine (2% iodine, 2.35% sodium iodine, and 46% ethanol), Hibiclens (4% chlorhexidine and 4% isopropyl alcohol with detergent), pHisoHex (3% hexachlorophene and detergent), Lavacol (70% ethanol), 7.5% povidone iodine scrub (with a detergent), and 10% povidone iodine solution (without a detergent) in rabbits. Five minutes after application, moderate corneal epithelial edema was noted in all groups except the saline control group. After three hours there was marked corneal de-epithelialization, conjunctival chemosis, and anterior stromal edema in all groups except those treated with 10% povidone iodine solution and 0.9% sodium chloride. After one week all corneas had returned to normal. Accidental instillation of 7.5% povidone iodine scrub into the tear film of a 33-year-old man resulted in almost immediate chemical chemosis despite prompt irrigation, demonstrating the corneal toxicity of this substance. These results indicated that a 10% povidone iodine solution without detergent causes minimal corneal toxicity whereas the other presurgical skin antiseptics tested are toxic to the cornea.
在一项关于某些常用术前皮肤消毒剂角膜毒性的研究中，我们使用生物显微镜检查、角膜测厚法、愈合研究和电子显微镜，来比较碘酊（2%碘、2.35%碘化钠和46%乙醇）、洗必泰醇（4%洗必泰和4%异丙醇加去污剂）、pHisoHex（3%六氯酚加去污剂）、Lavacol（70%乙醇）、7.5%聚维酮碘擦洗剂（加去污剂）和10%聚维酮碘溶液（不加去污剂）对兔眼的影响。应用五分钟后，除生理盐水对照组外，所有组均出现中度角膜上皮水肿。三小时后，除用10%聚维酮碘溶液和0.9%氯化钠处理的组外，所有组均出现明显的角膜上皮剥脱、结膜水肿和前基质水肿。一周后，所有角膜均恢复正常。一名33岁男性泪膜意外滴入7.5%聚维酮碘擦洗剂，尽管立即冲洗，仍几乎立即导致化学性结膜水肿，证明了该物质的角膜毒性。这些结果表明，不加去污剂的10%聚维酮碘溶液引起的角膜毒性最小，而其他测试的术前皮肤消毒剂对角膜有毒性。
