Goepfert H, Dichtel W J, Samaan N A
Arch Otolaryngol. 1984 Feb;110(2):72-5. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1984.00800280006003.
A study of thyroid cancer in patients younger than 20 years showed most tumors to be of the differentiated type. Histological types were pure papillary adenocarcinoma (9.5%), mixed papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma (77%), pure follicular adenocarcinoma (2.7%), and medullary carcinoma (10.8%). Of the patients with differentiated carcinoma, 84% had palpable cervical lymphadenopathy and 11% had pulmonary metastasis on admission. Patients with differentiated carcinoma were followed up for a mean of 15.4 years, and patients with medullary carcinoma for a mean of 7.3 years. No patient died as a result of papillary or follicular carcinoma, but two (25%) died of medullary carcinoma. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was found in 17% of patients after total thyroidectomy.
一项针对20岁以下甲状腺癌患者的研究表明，大多数肿瘤为分化型。组织学类型包括纯乳头状腺癌（9.5%）、乳头状和滤泡状混合腺癌（77%）、纯滤泡状腺癌（2.7%）和髓样癌（10.8%）。在分化型癌患者中，84%在入院时有可触及的颈部淋巴结病，11%有肺转移。分化型癌患者的平均随访时间为15.4年，髓样癌患者的平均随访时间为7.3年。没有患者因乳头状或滤泡状癌死亡，但有两名（25%）患者死于髓样癌。全甲状腺切除术后，17%的患者出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。
