Freni S C
Cancer. 1984 Apr 1;53(7):1618-24. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19840401)53:7<1618::aid-cncr2820530734>3.0.co;2-4.
Data from the Cancer Registry in the Netherlands Antilles made clear that the incidence rate of cancer of the upper digestive tract in this country was among the highest in the world. To study the long-term trends in the incidence rate a retrospective population-based case-finding survey was performed. The author presents the results of the period 1958 to 1981; data from earlier periods appeared to be incomplete. The highest incidence rates were found in the indigenous populations of Curaçao and Bonaire. In the period studied, the rates of oral and esophageal cancer dropped approximately 3% per year, while a shift was seen towards a later onset of the disease. A breakdown of the rates by island of residency showed that the decline was highly significant only for the population of Curaçao, the main island, with 89% of the total population studied. The presence of a downward trend on the other islands might be obscured by the small size of the populations. No significant change was found in the incidence rate of pharyngeal cancer, although a tendency toward lower rates was observed. Abuse of alcohol and tobacco, mineral deficiencies, malnutrition, the use of sorghum in the daily diet, and reverse smoking by females, are factors believed to be responsible for high rates in the past. With the exception of abuse of alcohol and tobacco, these factors have changed considerably in a favorable direction. It has been claimed that these changes have contributed to the sharp decrease in the incidence rates of oral and esophageal cancer.
荷属安的列斯群岛癌症登记处的数据表明，该国上消化道癌症的发病率位居世界前列。为研究发病率的长期趋势，开展了一项基于人群的回顾性病例查找调查。作者呈现了1958年至1981年期间的结果；早期数据似乎不完整。库拉索岛和博内尔岛的原住民发病率最高。在研究期间，口腔癌和食管癌的发病率每年下降约3%，同时疾病发病有推迟的趋势。按居住岛屿划分的发病率显示，仅在主要岛屿库拉索岛（占研究总人口的89%），发病率下降非常显著。其他岛屿上的下降趋势可能因人口规模小而不明显。尽管观察到咽癌发病率有下降趋势，但未发现显著变化。过去，酒精和烟草滥用、矿物质缺乏、营养不良、日常饮食中食用高粱以及女性反向吸烟被认为是导致高发病率的因素。除了酒精和烟草滥用外，这些因素已朝着有利方向发生了很大变化。据称，这些变化促成了口腔癌和食管癌发病率的大幅下降。
