Cheng K K, Day N E, Davies T W
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.
Br J Cancer. 1992 Apr;65(4):613-7. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1992.124.
The main risk factors for oesophageal cancer previously identified in western Europe are tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. However, a study of the time trend from 1951 to 1985 of the mortality from oesophageal cancer in 17 European countries shows that, except among the younger age groups in men, oesophageal cancer had either decreased or increased only slightly in most countries. This trend differed from that of lung cancer, cirrhosis and alcohol consumption which had in general increased substantially during the period. The results strongly suggest that population-wide changes in certain undetermined risk/protective factor(s), one possibility of which is the consumption of fruit, had overridden the effect of tobacco and alcohol and resulted in a reduction of oesophageal cancer risk. Apart from further efforts to reduce smoking and drinking, studies to identify the factor(s) will be of great public health importance to the prevention of oesophageal cancer.
先前在西欧确定的食管癌主要危险因素是吸烟和饮酒。然而，一项对1951年至1985年期间17个欧洲国家食管癌死亡率时间趋势的研究表明，除了男性较年轻年龄组外，大多数国家的食管癌死亡率要么下降，要么仅略有上升。这种趋势与肺癌、肝硬化和酒精消费量的趋势不同，在此期间，肺癌、肝硬化和酒精消费量总体上大幅增加。结果有力地表明，某些未确定的风险/保护因素在人群中的变化（其中一种可能性是水果消费）已经超过了烟草和酒精的影响，并导致食管癌风险降低。除了进一步努力减少吸烟和饮酒外，确定这些因素的研究对于预防食管癌具有重大的公共卫生意义。
