School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Cancer Causes Control. 2010 Dec;21(12):2213-21. doi: 10.1007/s10552-010-9641-3. Epub 2010 Sep 11.
The incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is increasing throughout the world. To date the increases have been proportionally greatest among young people. Several reports have suggested that they often do not have a history of tobacco smoking or heavy alcohol consumption.
To determine the contribution of lifestyle factors to the etiology of UADT cancers occurring in those aged less than 50 years.
A case-control study was conducted in 10 European countries. Cases were cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and hospital or population controls were age and sex matched.
There were 356 cases younger than 50 years and 419 controls. Risk was strongly related to current smoking [odds ratio (OR) 5.5 95%; confidence interval (CI) (3.3, 9.2)], and risk increased with number of pack-years smoked. Risk was also related to alcohol consumption for both current (OR 1.8; 0.97, 3.3) and past (OR 3.4; 1.6, 7.4) drinkers, and risk increased with number of drink-years. Persons frequently consuming fruits and vegetables were at significantly reduced risk.
Risk factors already identified as being important for UADT cancers in adults are also important influences on risk in younger adults. The implication of these results is that the public health message in preventing UADT cancers remains the same to young and old alike.
全球范围内上呼吸道和消化道癌症（UADT）的发病率正在上升。迄今为止，年轻人的发病率增长幅度最大。有几项报告表明，他们通常没有吸烟或大量饮酒的历史。
确定生活方式因素对上呼吸道和消化道癌症在 50 岁以下人群中的病因学的贡献。
在 10 个欧洲国家进行了病例对照研究。病例为口腔、咽、喉和食管癌症，医院或人群对照与年龄和性别相匹配。
有 356 例年龄小于 50 岁的病例和 419 例对照。风险与当前吸烟密切相关[比值比（OR）5.5，95%置信区间（CI）（3.3，9.2）]，并且随着吸烟包年数的增加而增加。风险也与当前（OR 1.8；0.97，3.3）和过去（OR 3.4；1.6，7.4）饮酒者的饮酒量有关，并且随着饮酒年数的增加而增加。经常食用水果和蔬菜的人风险显著降低。
已经确定对上呼吸道和消化道癌症在成年人中很重要的危险因素对上呼吸道和消化道癌症在年轻成年人中的风险也有重要影响。这些结果的含义是，预防上呼吸道和消化道癌症的公共卫生信息对年轻人和老年人都是一样的。
