Metabolic control in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The metabolic control, assessed from the mean daily glucosuria, mean daily glucosuria index based on home tests, and mean haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) concentrations during 1980, and the influence of various factors on the control were analysed in 177 diabetic children and adolescents. The mean daily glucosuria was 21% of the carbohydrates in the subscribed diet, and the mean glucosuria index 55%. The mean HbA1 was 14.0%. Boys had better metabolic control than girls. Good motivation towards treatment was associated with better metabolic control. There was a negative correlation between metabolic control and both the age of the child and the duration of diabetes. Prepubertal children were better controlled than those in puberty. Adherence to the dietary regimen was related to better control, as was the patient's endogenous insulin secretion, measured by serum C-peptide concentration. There was also an association between the season and the metabolic control, the control being better in the spring than during the other seasons. On the basis of these results male sex, a good motivation towards treatment, residual beta-cell function and adherence to the prescribed diet favor good metabolic control, while a long duration of the disease, the presence of puberty and relatively high age in childhood are factors impairing the metabolic control.