Plomp R
J Acoust Soc Am. 1978 Feb;63(2):533-49. doi: 10.1121/1.381753.
The aim of this article is to promote a better understanding of hearing impairment as a communicative handicap, primarily in noisy environments, and to explain by means of a quantitative model the essentially limited applicability of hearing aids. After data on the prevalence of hearing impairment and of auditory handicap have been reviewed, it is explained that every hearing loss for speech can be interpreted as the sum of a loss class A (attenuation), characterized by a reduction of the levels of both speech signal and noise, and a loss D (distortion), comparable with a decrease in speech-to-noise ratio. On the average, the hearing loss of class D (hearing loss in noise) appears to be about one-third (in decibels) of the total hearing loss (A + D, hearing loss in quiet). A hearing aid can compensate for class-A-hearing losses, giving difficulties primarily in quiet, but not for class-D hearing losses, giving difficulties primarily in noise. The latter class represents the first stage of auditory handicap, beginning at an average hearing loss of about 24 dB.
本文旨在促进人们更好地理解听力障碍作为一种主要在嘈杂环境中的交流障碍，并通过定量模型解释助听器本质上有限的适用性。在回顾了听力障碍和听觉障碍的患病率数据后，文中解释道，每种言语听力损失都可被解释为A类损失（衰减）与D类损失（失真）之和，A类损失的特征是言语信号和噪声的水平均降低，D类损失则类似于言语噪声比的降低。平均而言，D类听力损失（噪声中的听力损失）似乎约为总听力损失（A+D，安静环境中的听力损失）的三分之一（以分贝计）。助听器可以补偿A类听力损失，这类损失主要在安静环境中造成困难，但无法补偿D类听力损失，这类损失主要在噪声环境中造成困难。后一类代表听觉障碍的第一阶段，始于平均约24分贝的听力损失。
