Kaye H, Pearce J M
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1984 Jan;10(1):90-109.
The strength of orienting toward a light that signaled food was studied in five experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this response declined in strength during conditioning but was temporarily restored during extinction. In Experiment 2 the light was again paired immediately with the unconditioned stimulus (US), whereas in Experiments 3 and 4 it signaled a tone which in turn signaled the US. In these three experiments we again found that continuous reinforcement resulted in a decline in the strength of light orientation. These studies also revealed that under conditions of partial reinforcement, orientation to the light was sustained. Experiment 5 demonstrated that the decline in light orientation with a continuous reinforcement procedure can be retarded either by preexposing the light for a number of trials prior to conditioning or by intermixing reinforced light trials with nonreinforced presentations of a tone. This experiment also revealed that reversing the reinforcement contingency associated with the tone restored orientation to the light. This pattern of results can be most readily explained by the proposal that the strength of orientation toward the light is inversely related to the predictive accuracy of this stimulus.
在五个实验中研究了向标志着食物的光源定向的强度。实验1表明，这种反应在条件作用期间强度下降，但在消退期间暂时恢复。在实验2中，光再次立即与无条件刺激（US）配对，而在实验3和4中，它标志着一种音调，而这种音调又标志着无条件刺激。在这三个实验中，我们再次发现连续强化导致向光定向的强度下降。这些研究还表明，在部分强化条件下，对光的定向得以维持。实验5表明，通过在条件作用之前对光进行多次预暴露，或者通过将强化的光试验与音调的非强化呈现混合，可以延缓连续强化程序导致的向光定向下降。该实验还表明，逆转与音调相关的强化意外事件可恢复对光的定向。这些结果模式最容易用以下提议来解释：向光定向的强度与该刺激的预测准确性成反比。
