Young J Z
J Neurobiol. 1978 Mar;9(2):159-72. doi: 10.1002/neu.480090206.
Octopuses with the supraesophageal lobes split and the subesophageal centers isolated by cutting the cerebrobrachial connective on one or both sides were trained by food and shock rewards to discriminate between rough and smooth balls. Because there is a greater tendency to take the rough ball, training was done with the smooth ball positive for half the animals, and the rough ball positive for the others. In the animals with the cerebrobrachial connective cut only on one side, the subesophageal lobes showed no capacity to use the information gained by their opposite, intact, half-brains, which learned well. In animals with isolated subesophageal lobes, there was a decrease during each training session in the tendency to take both types of ball; however, this decrease did not persist from day to day. During each training session there were signs of discrimination between the balls by animals with isolated subesophageal lobes, but these also did not survive from day to day. In a series of training sessions spread over seven weeks, there was no change in results in animals with isolated subesophageal lobes when the smooth ball was positive. When the rough was positive the discrimination in its favor was slightly increased at later sessions.
通过切断一侧或双侧脑臂连接，将食管上叶分开且食管下中枢隔离的章鱼，用食物和电击奖励进行训练，以区分粗糙球和光滑球。由于章鱼更倾向于抓取粗糙球，因此对一半的动物进行训练时，将光滑球设为阳性刺激物，对另一半动物则将粗糙球设为阳性刺激物。在仅切断一侧脑臂连接的动物中，食管下叶无法利用其相对的、完整的半脑所获取的信息，而完整半脑的学习效果良好。在食管下叶隔离的动物中，每次训练时抓取两种球的倾向都会降低；然而，这种降低并未持续到第二天。在每次训练中，食管下叶隔离的动物都有区分两种球的迹象，但这些迹象也没有持续到第二天。在为期七周的一系列训练中，当光滑球为阳性刺激物时，食管下叶隔离的动物的训练结果没有变化。当粗糙球为阳性刺激物时，在后期训练中对其有利的区分略有增加。
