MacHovec F J
Am J Psychother. 1984 Jan;38(1):87-96. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1984.38.1.87.
Current therapies, their theories and techniques ebb and flow in popularity, but there is a residue of basic principles and practices which remain. Much of this useful residue has been present in ancient Eastern religions and philosophies. This article compares the content of several current theories of individual, group, and family therapies to seed ideas in ancient Taoist, Zen, Confucian, yoga, and Buddhist source materials. Gestalt, existential, psychoanalytic, transactional analysis, cognitive-behavioral and family therapy concepts are traced to these ancient precursors. Illustrative examples are presented such as satori (flash of insight), koans (insight riddles), parables, yanas (exercises), rituals, and written teachings. The article concludes with the Four Noble Truths and the 8-fold path of Buddhism, given 2500 years ago but very timely to contemporary problems of life adjustment and a useful guide to counseling and therapy.
当前的治疗方法、其理论和技术的流行度起伏不定，但仍留存着一些基本原则和实践方法。其中许多有用的留存内容在古代东方宗教和哲学中就已存在。本文将当前几种个体、团体和家庭治疗理论的内容与古代道家、禅宗、儒家、瑜伽和佛教源材料中的思想种子进行比较。格式塔、存在主义、精神分析、交互分析、认知行为和家庭治疗概念都可追溯到这些古老的先驱。文中给出了一些说明性例子，如顿悟（洞察力的闪现）、公案（悟性谜题）、寓言、修行方法（练习）、仪式和书面教义。文章最后提到了2500年前的佛教四圣谛和八正道，它们对于当代生活调整问题非常及时，也是咨询和治疗的有用指南。
