Benson J M, Hanson R L, Royer R E, Clark C R, Henderson R F
Environ Res. 1984 Apr;33(2):396-412. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90038-0.
The process gas stream of an experimental pressurized McDowell-Wellman stirred-bed low-Btu coal gasifier, and combustion products of the clean gas were characterized as to their mutagenic properties and chemical composition. Samples of aerosol droplets condensed from the gas were obtained at selected positions along the process stream using a condenser train. Mutagenicity was assessed using the Ames Salmonella mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay (TA98, with and without rat liver S9). All materials required metabolic activation to be mutagenic. Droplets condensed from gas had a specific mutagenicity of 6.7 revertants/microgram (50,000 revertants/liter of raw gas). Methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, and nitrogen-containing compounds were positively identified in a highly mutagenic fraction of raw gas condensate. While gas cleanup by the humidifier-tar trap system and Venturi scrubber led to only a small reduction in specific mutagenicity of the cooled process stream material (4.1 revertants/microgram), a significant overall reduction in mutagenicity was achieved (to 2200 revertants/liter) due to a substantial reduction in the concentration of material in the gas. By the end of gas cleanup, gas condensates had no detectable mutagenic activity. Condensates of combustion product gas, which contained several polycyclic aromatic compounds, had a specific mutagenicity of 1.1 revertants/microgram (4.0 revertants/liter). Results indicate that the process stream material is potentially toxic and that care should be taken to limit exposure of workers to the condensed tars during gasifier maintenance and repair and to the aerosolized tars emitted in fugitive emissions. Health risks to the general population resulting from exposure to gas combustion products are expected to be minimal.
对一台实验性加压麦克道威尔 - 韦尔曼搅拌床低发热值煤气化炉的工艺气流以及净化气的燃烧产物进行了致突变特性和化学成分分析。使用冷凝系统在工艺气流沿途的选定位置采集从气体中冷凝出的气溶胶液滴样本。采用艾姆斯沙门氏菌哺乳动物微粒体致突变试验（TA98，有和没有大鼠肝脏S9）评估致突变性。所有物质都需要代谢激活才具有致突变性。从气体中冷凝出的液滴的比致突变性为6.7回复体/微克（50,000回复体/升粗气）。在粗气冷凝物的高致突变部分中明确鉴定出了甲基萘、菲、芘和含氮化合物。虽然通过加湿器 - 焦油捕集系统和文丘里洗涤器进行气体净化后，冷却的工艺气流物质的比致突变性仅略有降低（4.1回复体/微克），但由于气体中物质浓度大幅降低，致突变性总体上显著降低（降至2200回复体/升）。到气体净化结束时，气体冷凝物没有可检测到的致突变活性。含有几种多环芳烃化合物的燃烧产物气冷凝物的比致突变性为1.1回复体/微克（4.0回复体/升）。结果表明，工艺气流物质具有潜在毒性，在气化炉维护和修理期间，应注意限制工人接触冷凝焦油以及逃逸排放中散发的雾化焦油。预计公众接触气体燃烧产物所产生的健康风险极小。
