Schoeny R, Warshawsky D, Hollingsworth L, Hund M, Moore G
Environ Mutagen. 1981;3(2):181-95. doi: 10.1002/em.2860030209.
As a first step in the assessment of their possible bio-effects, coal-related materials were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Of three coal gasification by-products tested, only a tar was mutagenic for any of four Salmonella strains. The following liquefaction materials were mutagenic for strains TA1538, TA98, and/or TA100: A liquefaction vehicle oil and coal hydrogenation filtered liquid, separated bottoms, vacuum overhead, and vacuum bottoms. Neither powdered coal nor water produced as a by-product of the hydrogenation process was positive in the Salmonella test. No coal-related material was mutagenic for the missense mutant TA1535 or for any strain in the absence of metabolic activation provided by rat hepatic homogenates (S9). In all but one instance Aroclor 1254-induced S9 provided the maximum activation for mutagenesis. Fractionation of all samples was undertaken by serial extraction with organic solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, toluene, methylene chloride, acetonitrile). Highly mutagenic materials were found in fractions of the hydrogenation filtered liquid, vacuum overhead, and vacuum bottoms. Thus far non-mutagenic samples have not yielded mutagenic components upon fractionation.
作为评估其可能的生物效应的第一步，对与煤相关的材料进行了沙门氏菌/微粒体试验中的致突变性测试。在测试的三种煤气化副产物中，只有一种焦油对四种沙门氏菌菌株中的任何一种具有致突变性。以下液化材料对TA1538、TA98和/或TA100菌株具有致突变性：一种液化车用机油以及煤加氢过滤液、分离底部产物、真空塔顶馏出物和真空塔底产物。作为加氢过程副产物产生的粉煤和水在沙门氏菌试验中均未呈阳性。在没有大鼠肝匀浆（S9）提供的代谢活化作用的情况下，没有任何与煤相关的材料对错义突变体TA1535或任何菌株具有致突变性。除了一个实例外，在所有情况下，艾氏剂1254诱导的S9都为诱变提供了最大活化作用。所有样品通过用极性递增的有机溶剂（己烷、甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙腈）进行连续萃取来进行分馏。在加氢过滤液、真空塔顶馏出物和真空塔底产物的馏分中发现了高致突变性材料。到目前为止，非致突变性样品在分馏后尚未产生致突变成分。
