Crawford D
Urol Res. 1984;12(1):17-22. doi: 10.1007/BF00256304.
Material in urinary calculi is prone to irradiation damage during electron microscopy and this suggests the need for care in the interpretation of data. It is shown, however, that minimum-dose transmission microscopy is feasible for single-crystal electron diffraction work, and that although internal damage in severe, morphological artefacts are unlikely in the SEM unless the incident electron flux is greater than 10(-13) A nm-2. During EDX microanalysis, the detection of light elements is impaired by irradiation effects unless a minimum-dose procedure is used. For the preparation of SEM samples, artefacts can be created by cleaving air-dried material - and it is therefore important to consider more lengthy preparation methods such as cryogenics.
尿路结石中的物质在电子显微镜检查期间易于受到辐射损伤，这表明在数据解释时需要谨慎。然而，结果表明，最小剂量透射显微镜检查对于单晶电子衍射工作是可行的，并且虽然损伤严重，但除非入射电子通量大于10（-13）A nm-2，否则扫描电子显微镜中不太可能出现形态假象。在能量色散X射线微分析期间，除非使用最小剂量程序，否则辐射效应会妨碍对轻元素的检测。对于扫描电子显微镜样品的制备，劈开空气干燥的材料可能会产生假象，因此考虑采用诸如低温学等更耗时的制备方法很重要。
